Unit 5 Lesson 1: BioFlexBook Questions
(1) What are the 5 major functions of the skeletal system?
The 5 major functions of the skeletal system are:
-Protecting internal organs
-Providing attachment surfaces and muscles
-Producing blood cells
-Storing minerals
-Maintaining mineral homeostasis
(2) What is appositional growth and when does it occur most frequently in human beings? Interstitial growth?
Appositional growth is when the growth forms layers above the layers that were pre-existing layers. The process of appositional growth occurs when the cartilage model also grows in thickness. Interstitial growth is when growth from a number of many centers within an area and can only occur when there are materials involved that are nonrigid.
(3) Explain how calcium levels are maintained in the blood and bone.
Calcium levels are in the blood and are maintained within narrow limits for functions such as muscle contraction and membrane potentials to occur normally. Calcium is important to maintain the necessary level of bone mass to protect and help out the body structures.
(4) Explain why the shoulder joint and hip joints are more mobile than the finger joints.
The hip joints and shoulder joints are more mobile than the finger joints because the finger joints are pivot joints which allows them less movement, while the hip joints and shoulder joints are ball and socket joints which allows for the movement of a stick sliding anywhere along a ball. Also a pivot joint (as in the finger, can only move like a pendulum moving between 0 and 120 degrees).
(5) What happens to muscles when a weight lifter becomes sedentary? Why?
The weight lifter begins could begin to lose his muscles if he did not keep lifting with them because when your body is used to having to pump energy in a muscle that you use a lot when you stop using it your body put the energy for that muscle into a different part of the body and you start to lose muscle mass in that area.
(6) Describe the sliding filament model.
In the sliding filament model myosin filaments use energy converted from ATP to move over to neighboring actin filaments on bridges that reach over. The myosin filaments then cause the actin filaments to contract. This shortens the space between the Z lines causing the whole sarcomere to shorten. When all the sarcomeres do this at once the muscle fiber contracts. This is what is happening in the sliding filament model.
(7) Describe the differences between slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibers.
Slow twitch muscle fibers contract slowly and can be used for longer periods of time, but with fast twitch muscle fibers contract faster and fatigue faster. The slow twitch muscle fibers for example are better for long distance running where fast twitch muscle fibers are better for short distance running.
The 5 major functions of the skeletal system are:
-Protecting internal organs
-Providing attachment surfaces and muscles
-Producing blood cells
-Storing minerals
-Maintaining mineral homeostasis
(2) What is appositional growth and when does it occur most frequently in human beings? Interstitial growth?
Appositional growth is when the growth forms layers above the layers that were pre-existing layers. The process of appositional growth occurs when the cartilage model also grows in thickness. Interstitial growth is when growth from a number of many centers within an area and can only occur when there are materials involved that are nonrigid.
(3) Explain how calcium levels are maintained in the blood and bone.
Calcium levels are in the blood and are maintained within narrow limits for functions such as muscle contraction and membrane potentials to occur normally. Calcium is important to maintain the necessary level of bone mass to protect and help out the body structures.
(4) Explain why the shoulder joint and hip joints are more mobile than the finger joints.
The hip joints and shoulder joints are more mobile than the finger joints because the finger joints are pivot joints which allows them less movement, while the hip joints and shoulder joints are ball and socket joints which allows for the movement of a stick sliding anywhere along a ball. Also a pivot joint (as in the finger, can only move like a pendulum moving between 0 and 120 degrees).
(5) What happens to muscles when a weight lifter becomes sedentary? Why?
The weight lifter begins could begin to lose his muscles if he did not keep lifting with them because when your body is used to having to pump energy in a muscle that you use a lot when you stop using it your body put the energy for that muscle into a different part of the body and you start to lose muscle mass in that area.
(6) Describe the sliding filament model.
In the sliding filament model myosin filaments use energy converted from ATP to move over to neighboring actin filaments on bridges that reach over. The myosin filaments then cause the actin filaments to contract. This shortens the space between the Z lines causing the whole sarcomere to shorten. When all the sarcomeres do this at once the muscle fiber contracts. This is what is happening in the sliding filament model.
(7) Describe the differences between slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibers.
Slow twitch muscle fibers contract slowly and can be used for longer periods of time, but with fast twitch muscle fibers contract faster and fatigue faster. The slow twitch muscle fibers for example are better for long distance running where fast twitch muscle fibers are better for short distance running.