Unit 3 Lesson 7: BioFlexBook Questions
(1) What are the functions of transcription and translation?
Transcription is the process in which genetic instructions in DNA are copied to form a complementary strand of mRNA. Translation is the process in which genetic instructions in mRNA are “read” to synthesize a protein.
(2) What are the minimum number of nucleotides necessary to code for 100 amino acids?
There are three nucleotides in one codon, and one codon is equal to one amino acid, therefore, there are 300 nucleotides in 100 amino acid.
(3) Translate the following RNA sequence into the corresponding amino acid sequence: GGACUUUAU.
The RNA sequence GGACUUUAU translates into the amino acid sequence Glycine, Leucine, Tyrosine.
(4) What is a promoter and what molecule binds to it?
Promoter is the region of a gene where a RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription of the gene.
(5) Why are most eukaryotic genes longer than the mRNA that leaves the nucleus?
Most eukaryotic genes are longer than the mRNA that leave the nucleus due to mRNA splicing. In this splicing process, introns are removed, shortening the mRNA.
(6) How does a ribosome facilitate protein synthesis?
Ribosomes facilitate protein synthesis by receiving RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, allowing translation to take place.
Transcription is the process in which genetic instructions in DNA are copied to form a complementary strand of mRNA. Translation is the process in which genetic instructions in mRNA are “read” to synthesize a protein.
(2) What are the minimum number of nucleotides necessary to code for 100 amino acids?
There are three nucleotides in one codon, and one codon is equal to one amino acid, therefore, there are 300 nucleotides in 100 amino acid.
(3) Translate the following RNA sequence into the corresponding amino acid sequence: GGACUUUAU.
The RNA sequence GGACUUUAU translates into the amino acid sequence Glycine, Leucine, Tyrosine.
(4) What is a promoter and what molecule binds to it?
Promoter is the region of a gene where a RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription of the gene.
(5) Why are most eukaryotic genes longer than the mRNA that leaves the nucleus?
Most eukaryotic genes are longer than the mRNA that leave the nucleus due to mRNA splicing. In this splicing process, introns are removed, shortening the mRNA.
(6) How does a ribosome facilitate protein synthesis?
Ribosomes facilitate protein synthesis by receiving RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, allowing translation to take place.