Unit 5 Lesson 7: BioFlexBook Questions
1. When you were young, you probably got colds all the time. Now, you should only gets 1 or 2 colds a year. What is going on? Why is this?
When one is little, the many colds someone gets are saved by the immune system through antigens which remembers how to fight it. There are hundreds of types of colds. Overtime, you may get the same type of cold again and the body know how to fight and deal with the disease.
2. What are the various components of your immune system and what functions do they serve?
The antigen recognize certain things in the body as either good or malicious, and attempts to destroy it . This could cause allergic reactions. Antibodies fight viruses and are made in the plasma cells. B cells and T cells are the main responses to foreign things in the body, and can activate antigens and antibodies to fight it. B cells are made in the bone marrow, and T cells are made in the thymus.
3. What are lymphocytes? Where are they located in the body?
Lymphocytes are found in the lymphatic system. There are two types of lymphocytes, they're called B cells and T cells. The lymphocytes B and T cells recognize and respond to particular pathogens.
4. How does a virus enter the body?
The virus enters the body by an open port where the virus sinks in.
5. How does the virus enter the cell?
The virus enters the cells by locks and keys.
When one is little, the many colds someone gets are saved by the immune system through antigens which remembers how to fight it. There are hundreds of types of colds. Overtime, you may get the same type of cold again and the body know how to fight and deal with the disease.
2. What are the various components of your immune system and what functions do they serve?
The antigen recognize certain things in the body as either good or malicious, and attempts to destroy it . This could cause allergic reactions. Antibodies fight viruses and are made in the plasma cells. B cells and T cells are the main responses to foreign things in the body, and can activate antigens and antibodies to fight it. B cells are made in the bone marrow, and T cells are made in the thymus.
3. What are lymphocytes? Where are they located in the body?
Lymphocytes are found in the lymphatic system. There are two types of lymphocytes, they're called B cells and T cells. The lymphocytes B and T cells recognize and respond to particular pathogens.
4. How does a virus enter the body?
The virus enters the body by an open port where the virus sinks in.
5. How does the virus enter the cell?
The virus enters the cells by locks and keys.
Unit 5 Lesson 8: Graphical Illustration of Immune & Lymphatic System
Unit 5 Lesson 9: Article #1
Emilio Lopez
Biology (D)
Mr. Helms
February 3, 2014
High Testosterone Levels Could Help Weaken
Immune System Response
In the this article by Dr. Mark Davis, it explains how him and his colleagues show how men with a highly amount of circulating testosterone received less of chance to get flu shots than men with low testosterone levels, also with women. The researchers studies say that men are more susceptible to fungal, parasitic, viral infections, and bacterials than women. Their immune system does not respond very well to vaccinations with an unclear reason. Women have higher blood levels of proteins that are passed back and forth by cells from the immune system to kick-start inflammation. This is an essential component of the immune-system activation. Previous studies on cell cultures and animal expirements have established that the male sex hormone contains of anti-inflammatory properties. A researcher, Dr. David Furman and Davis along with their colleagues have taken and analyzed from about 50 women and from about 35 men and found that females significantly have stronger antibody responses to the flu vaccine. A set of genes that is called Module 52 tends to turn on and off by a switch at the same time, is linked to a weakened antibody response to the vaccine in men. The Module 52 cluster's activity levels were not found to track closely with antibody response in women. Additional facts about the Module 52 is that several of its genes know connections of the immune system such as the activation of one of these genes. Also, testosterone reduces levels of certain transcription factors that ordinarily prevent Module 52 genes from turning one.
"High Testosterone Levels Could Help Weaken Immune System Response." RedOrbit. N.p., 24 Dec. 2013. Web. 31 Jan. 2014
Biology (D)
Mr. Helms
February 3, 2014
High Testosterone Levels Could Help Weaken
Immune System Response
In the this article by Dr. Mark Davis, it explains how him and his colleagues show how men with a highly amount of circulating testosterone received less of chance to get flu shots than men with low testosterone levels, also with women. The researchers studies say that men are more susceptible to fungal, parasitic, viral infections, and bacterials than women. Their immune system does not respond very well to vaccinations with an unclear reason. Women have higher blood levels of proteins that are passed back and forth by cells from the immune system to kick-start inflammation. This is an essential component of the immune-system activation. Previous studies on cell cultures and animal expirements have established that the male sex hormone contains of anti-inflammatory properties. A researcher, Dr. David Furman and Davis along with their colleagues have taken and analyzed from about 50 women and from about 35 men and found that females significantly have stronger antibody responses to the flu vaccine. A set of genes that is called Module 52 tends to turn on and off by a switch at the same time, is linked to a weakened antibody response to the vaccine in men. The Module 52 cluster's activity levels were not found to track closely with antibody response in women. Additional facts about the Module 52 is that several of its genes know connections of the immune system such as the activation of one of these genes. Also, testosterone reduces levels of certain transcription factors that ordinarily prevent Module 52 genes from turning one.
"High Testosterone Levels Could Help Weaken Immune System Response." RedOrbit. N.p., 24 Dec. 2013. Web. 31 Jan. 2014
Unit 5 Lesson 9: Article #2
Emilio Lopez
Biology (D)
Mr. Helms
February 3, 2014
New studies details how HIV affects immune . system, claim drugs exists to block virus
In this article by Meeri Kim she discusses how a body that contains HIV with droves of white blood cells that self-destruct in an explosive mass suicide that drives the progression towards AIDS. These deaths attract cells to come over to help. A protein within the white blood cell that sniffs out the viral DNA and tells the cell to pull the trigger on itself. Immunologist Anthony Fauci says that they thought it was directly the virus killing the cell. A white blood cell known as CD4 T-cells is what HIV most often targets. This virus attaches onto these cells and inserts its own genetic material inside. Some of the T-cells become virus-replicating units. but cells other than T-cells resistand become bystanders that are known as resting cells. Scientist have discovered that the that the virus-producing infected cells become full of the virus they were producing that they die. Or they could also realize something went very wrong, and performed a clean programmed cell death called Apoptosis.The deaths of these CD4 T-cells are offsets of the body that produces more of them in response, then the body isnt able to keep up after a while and the T-cell drops leading to the onset which is then AIDS. Fauci quotes, "It's really a race between production and destruction." A scientist named Greene had discovered that 95% of dying T-cells were resting cells. they have the virus DNA inside of themselves. Greene quotes, "It is much more a cellular suicide than a viral murder."
Kim, Meeri. "New Studies Detail How HIV Affects Immune System, Claim Drug Exists to Block Virus." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 19 Dec. 2013. Web. 1 Feb. 2014
Biology (D)
Mr. Helms
February 3, 2014
New studies details how HIV affects immune . system, claim drugs exists to block virus
In this article by Meeri Kim she discusses how a body that contains HIV with droves of white blood cells that self-destruct in an explosive mass suicide that drives the progression towards AIDS. These deaths attract cells to come over to help. A protein within the white blood cell that sniffs out the viral DNA and tells the cell to pull the trigger on itself. Immunologist Anthony Fauci says that they thought it was directly the virus killing the cell. A white blood cell known as CD4 T-cells is what HIV most often targets. This virus attaches onto these cells and inserts its own genetic material inside. Some of the T-cells become virus-replicating units. but cells other than T-cells resistand become bystanders that are known as resting cells. Scientist have discovered that the that the virus-producing infected cells become full of the virus they were producing that they die. Or they could also realize something went very wrong, and performed a clean programmed cell death called Apoptosis.The deaths of these CD4 T-cells are offsets of the body that produces more of them in response, then the body isnt able to keep up after a while and the T-cell drops leading to the onset which is then AIDS. Fauci quotes, "It's really a race between production and destruction." A scientist named Greene had discovered that 95% of dying T-cells were resting cells. they have the virus DNA inside of themselves. Greene quotes, "It is much more a cellular suicide than a viral murder."
Kim, Meeri. "New Studies Detail How HIV Affects Immune System, Claim Drug Exists to Block Virus." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 19 Dec. 2013. Web. 1 Feb. 2014