Alfred Russel Wallace is a British naturalist, geographer, anthropologist, explorer, and is most known for producing the theory of evolution through the process of natural selection, or the way species adapt to their surroundings in order to stay alive and reproduce. Darwin and Wallace came up with similar theories on evolution. Even though Wallace had came up with basically the same theory as Darwin, he was not known as well as Darwin was. Both theorized that organisms change over time; life on earth has changed from their common ancestors in the past, and evolution occurs by natural selection, or the process in which living things with beneficial traits that produces a lot of offspring than others.
In the Miller-Urey some major flaws were that the gasses they used might have changed throughout time and in the atmosphere. Also, the amino acids that were created in Urey's experiment could not have survived unless they were separated from the environment as soon as they were created. Even though there are all of these theories, there is no answer that is fully correct.
The video was about homologous and analogous structures, the vestigial structure, the endosymbiotic theory, and micro and macro evolution. Homologous is when the structure of the bones of different species are similar to each other. Analogous is when the structure of bones of different species that do the same thing are not similar, for example, the wings of a butterfly, prehistoric bird, modern bird, and bat have bones structured differently but they all do the same thing. Vestigial structure is when an organism has organs or structures that that seem to serve no useful function. The endosymbiotic theory is when a free living organelle is taken in by another cell and is able to live inside that cell helping it. Microevolution is the changes in allele frequencies that can occur overtime within a population. Macro evolution is when it's possible to see every generation of a living/dead species.
Human beings, as a species, are "re-writing the rule lol that governs the concept of "survival of the fitness" by lacking competition over resources. "Survival of the fittest" is the idea of those organisms that are healthier by being more fit, if they can successfully reproduce. Humans must reproduce to make more and more humans so that they survive. Humans are rewriting the rulebook because many are not competing for reproduction because they are capable of reproducing but they are now changing it up. The process of natural selection does not occur because we live in a world that consists of both the weakest and the fittest.
There are five processes that can result in evolution. Evolution means, change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation by such processes as mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift. The five processes will move from the pinky down to the thumb. The pinky should remind you that the population can shrink. The ring finger should remind you of mating. The middle finger should remind you of the word 'mutation.' The pointer finger should remind you of movement. The thumb should remind you of adaptation.
One thing I learned in this 3-class lesson is about the dihybrid cross. The dihybrid cross crosses F1 of two individuals that differ in two traits of particular interest. This cross method is the method someone would use to figure out what their second generation would look like. The Punnett square is slightly similar to the dihybrid cross, the dihybrid cross is just so much more confusing than the Punnett Square. What are the pros and cons of using a punnett square to predict the genetic outcomes of a genetic cross involving multiple genes?
Using a punnett square to predict the genetic outcomes of a genetic cross involving multiple genes have pros and cons. A punnett square is used to find out the percentage of the traits that can be developed from an offspring. A pro is that the punnett square can be used to find the traits probability very neatly to the eyes. A con is that there is more than one trait that is being tested which will have multiple alleles involved. Creating a multiple punnett square isn't very tricky, you have to match up the genes correctly and if you know how to do it it's really easy. The legitimacy of the science that was portrayed in this movie is how people made the clones by having to use the exact same DNA as the actual human being so that the clone could look exactly the same as the person. The clones needed to have all the same traits as the human being to make an exact copy. The clones are the insurance policy for the actual human. This may be realistic farther into the future but for sure not any time soon. It's an unrealistic movie and nothing like that would possibly be able to start right now.
Gregor Mendel first of all needed to understand the concepts and everything that DNA does. The law of segregation, Mendels very first law, shows that there are two factors that regulate a characteristic, and one then dominates the other. The factors separate and one of the factors goes to the gametes when parents reproduce. Mendel knows that there is a random allele that is passed down to each and every cell, which means that both of the parents are contributing a random characteristic. In the independent assortment law, he states how factors that control different characteristics inherit independently of one another. Mendel surely fathomed about how the parents each give half of their DNA to their offspring and that DNA is important when discussing inheritance. Mendels understanding of DNA had to be very well.
In the video it explained what was shown in class about how a mother and father can make babies that are healthy and other babies that may be unhealthy or sick. For example, a father has a Yy trait and a mother has Yy. If the father were to ejaculate inside the mother the traits would come out as YY, Yy, Yy, and yy. The babies with the Y are healthy, but the baby with the double y is the unhealthy sick baby. So there is a twenty five percent chance that this mother and father will create an unhealthy sick baby.
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May 2014
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