One thing I learned in this 3-class lesson is about how the process of mitosis and meiosis. In the process of mitosis, there are six steps which are
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Interphase is when DNA is replicated. Prophase is when the membrane dissolves and spindle fibers move to opposite poles. Metaphase is when the spindle fibers attach to centromeres and chromosomes pulling them to the opposite ends. Anaphase is when spindle fibers shorten. Telophase is when chromosomes reach the opposite ends and the spindle fibers disintegrate. Cytokinesis is when daughter cells splits apart and the two daughter cells have the same numbers of chromosomes. In meiosis the steps are exactly the same as mitosis from the steps interphase to prophase.
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Although life originally started with mitosis, a biological need for meiosis still arose. Mitosis originally began before meiosis, because the organisms that are needed to reproduce were much smaller and less complex. On the other hand, meiosis is sexual reproduction. We need meiosis because it would be very important if we only had mitosis, then the cells would never "change". This is due to the fact that meiosis takes a random combination of genetic material from both parents while mitosis only splits the parent cell into two identical copies. The process of meiosis produces a total result of four cells that each contain different genes. Even though meiosis is the way humans that reproduce, mitosis is still used in humans to repair it. Now, your body uses both processes, mitosis, for internal repairing, and meiosis, to produce sex cells. In this 3-class lesson, we reviewed about the skeletal system, circulatory system, immune system, cardiovascular system, and respiratory system. I learned about how 2 connected neurons and a neuron connected to a muscle is different because in 2 connected neurons there is a synapse/gap in between the connection of the neurons. In the neuron connected to a muscle the neuron is connected directly to the muscle with no synapse or gap in between the two
After viewing the video, I have learned that one cell has many kinds of functions such as pleasure feeling, pain feeling, frighten feelings, etc. Humans have thermal receptors, movement receptors, and low threshold. The thermal receptor detects when you touch something below human temperature or above human temperature. The movement receptor detects the feeling of when a bug crawls on your arm which moves the hairs around which then lets you know there is something on your arm. The low-threshold receptor detects when you are feeling pleasuring feelings.
One thing I learned in this three-class lesson is about some cell called macrophage. Macrophages kill and eat up other cells called antibodies that don't belong in the body. It reads each cells DNA and if there is one that doesn't match to your DNA then that antibody gets eaten. This process is called phagocytosis and basically kills antibodies by eating them.
Ways the HIV virus causes a syndrome of the immune system is by an infection with human immunodeficiency virus which makes a person experience an influenza-like illness. A syndrome is a ton of symptoms that occur all at once. HIV and other dangerous diseases can possibly destroy the human body because the immune system can only protect the body from bad cells and also pathogens. HIV is a dangerous disease that can be given to people by unprotected sex. Having like a stuffy nose, sore throat, or a headache does not bother people very much but if you have HIV which then moves on to AIDS, it scares people because it is a serious disease that you can't defend yourself from. AIDS is what comes after HIV which kills people by causing symptoms.
There is a ratio between the size of the organisms heartbeat and the organism in all mammals. Every mammals heart beats either faster or slower than others. In the human body, the heart beats at least around 70 times per minute but a squirrels heartbeat would be faster and beat at least around 200 times per minute. This signifies that the smaller a mammal is, the faster their hearts beat, but a much larger mammal would have less beats per minute. Every animal has a certain amount of heart beats throughout its life. The less heartbeats an animal has, the longer it lives, but the most heartbeats an animal has each minute wouldn't not have a very long life.
In this 3-class lesson i have learned about certain muscles in a chickens wing and in a cat. We had a lab that had to do with dissecting a chickens wing and learned about muscles in it. A couple muscles we learned about
were the forearm muscle, biceps, humerus, ligament, and more. Another activity we did is, we drew the body of any mammal we chose with out its skin (just of the muscles in the body) and had to give a description of each muscle in the body. Some muscles that are in a cat are the infraspinatus muscle, the deltoid muscle, the sartoris muscle, and the bicep femoris muscle. The average age for a pro football player would be 25 years old because that's around the time all the bones in a human body have developed. When they are finished being developed they are big strong bones for mostly healthy people. You can sprint faster and its easier to tackle someone when your 25 with these developed bones than tackling someone when you're 35. The average age for an ultra marathon runner would be 35 years old mostly because a person ages and when people start aging, their bones get weaker. Being an ultra marathon runner is not as crazy and rough as football so you wouldn't need to use a lot of your muscles like you would in football.
One thing I learned in this 3-class lesson is about how proteins are made in the human body. The way proteins are made is, proteins are digested into the stomach and the proteins get broken down into little pieces called amino acids. The amino acids are then built and combined with other amino acids that then are the proteins to our body.
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May 2014
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